There are four different strokes that are swum for competition.  The strokes are backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and freestyle.

                         

Backstroke was very popular because you didn't have to worry about breathing.  It was also considered challenging because you have to make sure you don't run into the wall while swimming this stroke.  Harry Hebner introduced the alternate arm pulling in the 1912 Olympics.
Swimming breaststroke was a good way to vary strenious workouts and pace workouts.  This stroke is used widely in lifesaving.  Originally, everybody did a wide frog kick to give it the nickname "the frog."  
          

                                

The stroke butterfly has much in common with breaststroke.  Butterfly originally didn't have any events because it was too strenious to swim, unlike the other strokes.  There are many errors in butterfly, like keeping your head up too long or doing the   wrong kick.
Freestyle is the fastest, most efficient stroke out of the four.  Brian Goodell, Tracy Caulkins, and Ambrose Gaines keep shattering records for freestyle. Like butterfly, there are many errors to freestlye, one of them is breaking the surface with your feet when you are kicking.                             

 

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