Goalies are allowed to score a goal, by a kick from his hands, from his own penalty area, or he can come out of his penalty, which then he is considered an outfield player.  But the goalie is not allowed to score on a goal kick.  Some goalies when they get better they can do a drop kick.  A drop kick is when the goalie has the ball in his hand, and he drops it and as soon as it hits the ground the goalie kicks it.
Another penalty that happens on the field is obstruction.  Obstruction is when a body is between the ball and an opponent, when the ball is not within playing distance and there is no attempt to play the ball.  So they are keeping the other player from getting the ball, when they have no possession of it.
 

You can not touch the ball with your hands, its called a hand ball.  Only the goalie can touch the ball with his hand, and when a player is taking a throw in he can use his hands.

When the ball goes out of bounds you take a trough in.  Who ever kicks the ball out of bounds or who ever touched it last before it went out of bounds.  The opposite team gets the ball. 
In soccer the referee gives you a warning if there is a penalty.  There is a yellow card, when you purposely hit the other play.  A red card is when you get in a fight or you slide tackle the other players on the other team. 

If you have blood or if you get a cut and the referee sees blood, then you have to get a substitution in for you, and you have to wipe the blood and make sure the bleeding stops.
In soccer you have to wear shin guards for the games, and if you don't have them they probably wont let you play.  Some goalies wear knee pads so when they slid the turf doesn't tear up their knees, there is usually turf inside but there is some in stadiums theses days. 

 

Off sides is when a offensive player is behind the last defender not counting the goalie.  When this happens the opposite team gets a free kick.

 

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 History of soccer

How to play defense and where the position is

How to play offense and where the position is